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The Death of Assistant Division Commander
 General Nelson W. Walker
 

Few units get through heir first combat without some problems. The 8th in WW2 was no exception. The first time in combat in Normandy the division did not perform well. There were a number of casualties, including many officers and NCOs that were hit while trying to lead or rally their men. One of the few Generals officers to be killed by enemy fire in WW2 was the Assistant Division Commander of the 8th Infantry Division: General Nelson W. Walker. He was killed by German small arms fire while attempting to rally and push the 121st Infantry Regiment, whose attack had stalled.

By chance Walker's son was serving in the division's headquarters and was assigned to investigate the death of his father. What follows is the result of that investigation. Although we have attempted to dig up more information on General Walker, we have found little else but this, and have been unable to locate a photograph of him.  Anyone with such information or photographs should contact the webmaster

The failure of the division to move forward resulted in a number of officers being relieved. First the regimental commanders were relieved by the C.O for not pressing hard enough (they refused to continue useless frontal attacks). Then Major General William C. McMahon  was relieved for insisting upon those attacks.  He was replaced by the ADC of the 9th Infantry Division: General Donald Stroh, who led the Division on to victory in Normandy and Brittany

The following  is from an interview with the son of Brigadier General Nelson W. Walker, the Assistant Division Commander of the 8th Infantry Division in Normandy. The son, Lt. Perrin Walker, was an aide to General McMahon. The interview was done by Captain Hechler on 15 November 1944.

The 8th Division was a green outfit when they started fighting in Normandy in Early July. They needed strong leadership in order to push forward in the tough kind of fighting which the hedgerow country provided.

About 7 July, the 8th was taken from Corps reserve and sent east of La Haye du Puis to the west nose of the Foret de Mont Castre. For two days, Company E of the 121st Infantry Regiment was pinned down and moving very slowly about 500 yards south of the main road between La Haye Du Puis and Carentan. The 121st was advancing due south abreast with the 28th Infantry, with the 121st on the left. The 28th seemed to be doing well, but the 121st was highly disorganized.

Just after his evening meal on 9 July General Walker went down to try and organize the leading elements of the 121st. He went to Company E, and took a platoon from E company which was pinned down behind a hedgerow and led them forward, assisted by two of his aides, Lt. Stephen S. Fry and Lt. Emmet Fields. In the lead of the platoon, General Walker went through the gap in the hedgerow immediately in front of where the men had been pinned down, and then turned sharply to the left (east) when thirty or forty yards from the hedge. The route of the platoon crossed a sunken road with high banks, continued east fifty yards, and then swung south toward the gap in the next hedgerow. Scattered small arms fire was received throughout the initial stages of the advance, but no mortar or artillery fire was received from the enemy.

After advancing across the next field, General Walker and six men went through a gap in the next east-west hedge and started to go into an orchard in the next field. General Walker’s two aides were about to go through the break in the hedge row when the Germans opened up with machine gun and machine pistol fire. The General and all six men with him were hit; Lt. Fields thinks he was hit on the first shot.

Both Fields and Fry crawled along the hedge to the northwest corner of the field when the general was hit, and took protection behind a high dirt mound. By now the fire was increasing, and both officers planned to go up the sunken road and knock out the machine guns delivering the fire. An Aid man came up and gave them the news that the General had been hit and another aid man had been lost trying to get to him. Fry went back to get aid, while Fields remained in position to hold and cover the spot and guide the aid men when they would return.

There was some difficulty and delay in getting aid up, and only after finding the battalion and regimental commanders was an ambulance finally discovered. The ambulance was driven up the sunken road as far as possible, and then Lt. Fry and three aid men brought General Walker in on a stretcher. Plasma was administered on the way back and at the clearing station, but the bullet had penetrated his right thigh and hip socket, and broke his pelvis, causing great loss of blood. The General was hit just about dusk 2300 hrs., and died about 0130hrs.

On the morning of 10 July, the regimental commanders of the 28tyh and 121st regiments were relieved after they refused to advance frontally; the division commander (McMahon) was relieved on 12 July. Lt. Walker feels that the relief of Colonel Peyton (121st) and Colonel Webb (28th) was “unfortunate,” and that the situation was in part the fault of the division commander, who kept urging a frontal attack.

It is Lt. Walker’s belief that General Stroh, who subsequently took command of the 8th Division, proved the technique of hedgerow fighting – Instead of insisting on a frontal assault, he advocated side-slipping and flanking movements which did not expose the men to intense fire and more effectively disorganized the German defense. [1]

[1]  Report located in the December After Action Report for the 8th HQ.

 

(although many locations have been check, to include a search of the Signal Corps photo collection at the National Archives, we have been  unable to locate a single photo of General Walker. If anyone knows of one kindly let us know) 

 




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